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ืคืจืกื•ื ืฆืขื™ืจ

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ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช EPMA Journal

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”: ืขื“ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื•ืœื’ื” ื’ื•ืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆโ€™ื™ื” ืœื™ื“ ื ื”ืจ ื”ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืŸ

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”: ืขื“ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื•ืœื’ื” ื’ื•ืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆโ€™ื™ื” ืœื™ื“ ื ื”ืจ ื”ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืŸ

ืขื“ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“-ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื, ืคืจืกื ื‘-EPMA Journal ืžืืžืจ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื•ืœื’ื” ื’ื•ืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆโ€™ื™ื” ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ื’ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื›ื ืก ืžื“ืขื™ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.

ืื‘ื™ืฉื™, ื‘ืŸ 24 ื›ื™ื•ื, ื ื•ืœื“ ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืœืžื“ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืจื™ื. ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉืฉืงืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืขืชื•ื“ื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช, ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“-ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืืชื’ืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื, ืกืงืจื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื ื– ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื•ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื โ€“ ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช.

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฅ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืœื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืชโ€™ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืกื˜ืคืœื™ื”. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• โ€“ ืจืคื•ืื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื ื‘ืืช ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช (PPPM) โ€“ ื™ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื•ืœื’ื” ื’ื•ืœื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆโ€™ื™ื” ืžื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ืฉื, ืฉืืจื›ื” 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ.

โ€œPPPM ื”ื™ื ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”,โ€ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™. โ€œืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืจืคื•ืื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™ืช ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื•. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืžืจืงืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื”, ืžื” ืฉื™ื—ืกื•ืš ืกื‘ืœ ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ.โ€

ื”ืžืืžืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. โ€œืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืข ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืžืื•ื“,โ€ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™, โ€œื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”. ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืคืฆืขื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ืœืงื•ืก) ื•ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ืจืคืื™ื. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืคืœืืžืจ. ืคืฆืขื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืจืคืื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืกืจื˜ื ื™.โ€

ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืคืœืืžืจ (Flammer), ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื’โ€™ื•ื–ืฃ ืคืœืืžืจ, ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘-vasospasm โ€“ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ื’ืคื™ื™ื, ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื ืžื•ืš, ืžืฉืงืœ ื ืžื•ืš ืžื“ื™, ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ื™ืจื“ืžื•ืช, ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจื”, ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ืœื›ืื‘. ืื–ื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืคืœืืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืŸ.

ื‘ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืงื“ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื‘ืฉื™ื ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืคืœืืžืจ ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื›ืื—ื“. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ MMP (ืžื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืžื˜ืืœื•-ืคืจื•ื˜ืื™ื ืื–), ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™. โ€œื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืœืžื—ืœืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื,โ€ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™:ย  โ€œืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืจืžืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ MMP ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื•ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืคืœืืžืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืฆื™ืขื”, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.โ€

ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ Md/PhDย  ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืืกื™ื” ืจื•ืœืก. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืชื•ืืจ MSc.

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ืœืจืื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืฃ

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ืฉืจื” ื ื’ื•ืกื”, ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 17, ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืขื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ

ืฉืจื” ื ื’ื•ืกื” ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ Tech Women 2017 ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

ืฉืจื” ื ื’ื•ืกื” ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ Tech Women 2017 ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

โ€œื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืคืขื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงืจืื• ืœื™ โ€˜ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“โ€™, ืื– ืื™ืžื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืฉืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื–ื” ื˜ืขื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™. ื–ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื“ื—ืคื” ืื•ืชื™ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜: ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืคื—ื“, ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ. ืชื ืกื•, ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื•.โ€

ืฉืจื” ื ื’ื•ืกื”, ื™ืœื™ื“ืช 1988, ืขืœืชื” ืžืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 3 ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื™. โ€œืžืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืคืขื ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืฆืœื™ ืฆืœืงืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื•ืื‘ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ืฉื, ื›ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืชื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืœืกื™ืจ ืœื•ื”ื˜.โ€

ืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื•ืœืคื ืช ืฆื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, โ€œื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืืžื™ื ื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืคืกืงืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ืœื”ืคืš, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื“ืข ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงืจื”, ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืชืงึตืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืื ืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื?โ€

ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 17, ื›ืฉื–ื•ื’ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื’โ€™ื•ืืœ ื•ื’โ€™ื•ืืŸ ืงื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช โ€“ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื™. โ€œื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืขื“ ืื– ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข, ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืœืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืืœื ื’ื ืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื– ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืŸ.โ€

ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช โ€“ โ€œืžื” ืื ืœื ืืชืงื‘ืœ? ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื›ืžื”?โ€ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืœืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. โ€œื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืœื”. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื. ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื”, ืฉื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ืขื ืงื™, ืฉื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžืฉื”ื•. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืชืงืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืชื ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืชืคืกืชื™ ืื•ืžืฅ, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช.

โ€œื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืืžื ื ืงืฉื•ื— ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืขื–ืจ. ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืœื’ื•ืช ืžืงืจื ื•ืช ืื™ื™ืกืฃ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืขื–ืจื• ืžืื•ื“. ืื– ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืœื ื ืขืœืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง.โ€

ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคืœื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื ื”ืžืคืชื—ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื”. ืžืฉื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” โ€“ โ€œื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ.โ€ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžืฉื ื” ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื-ืคื•ื™ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืืคื™ืชืœื™ืืœื™ื™ื.

ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ืงืจื ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ืจืงืžื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื ื”, ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ืจืขืœื ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืชืื™ื ืžื•ืื˜ืช, ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืกืจื˜ื ื™.

ื ื’ื•ืกื” ืขืฆืžื” ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ืžื™ืงืจื• ืืจ-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™ ื‘ืฉื miR-184. ืžื™ืงืจื• ืืจ-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™ ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืจ-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืชืงื•ืช ืžื”ื’ื ื•ื ื•ืžืžืœืื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื ื”ื—ื™. miR-184, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ืงืจืช ืชืื™ื ืืคื™ืชืœื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืจื ื™ืช. โ€œื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ miR-184 ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก โ€“ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืž-4 ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื–ืœื™ืช (Basal layer), ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืžืชืžื™ื™ื ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืžืขืœื™ื” ื ืงืจืืช Spinous layer. ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื™ืฉ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื”ืชืžื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื ืืœื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื ืฉืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ืื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœืœื ื‘ืงืจื”, ืชื™ืคื’ืข ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื›ื™ miR-184 ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืชื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.โ€

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื ื’ื•ืกื” ื‘ืจืงืžืช ื”ืงืจื ื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช miR-184. ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ miR-184 ื‘ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงืจื˜ื•ืงื•ื ื•ืก ื•ืงื˜ืจืงื˜ โ€“ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘โ€ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ ื ื•ืงืืื•ื˜โ€ ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืŸ ืœ-miR-184, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืื™ ื“ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื‘- miR-184. โ€œืชืื™ื ืืœื”,โ€ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื”, โ€œื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ, reprogramming โ€“ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื–ื™ื›ื” ืืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื” ื™ืžื ืืงื” ื•ืืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื’โ€™ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืฉื ืช 2012. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ miR-184 ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™, ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื”, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžื”ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื”.โ€

ืฉืจื”, ืฉืœื” 5 ืื—ื™ื ื•-2 ืื—ื™ื•ืช,ย  ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื›ื™ โ€œื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฅ, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžื™ืœื ืื”ื‘ืชื™ย  ืœืœืžื•ื“. ื”ื ื•ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื—ืจืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขื” ื›ื–ืืช, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช โ€“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืืžืช. ืจืง ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื›ืœื•ื ืœื ื—ืกืจ ื•ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ืืคืฉืจื™. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืœืื”. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืืชื™ื•ืคื™, ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืื• ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช. ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืกื“ืช ื•ืœื ืžืžื•ืกื“ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” ืขื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื™. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื–ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉืืชื”.โ€

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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”

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ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื ื•ืขืจ, ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื โ€“ ืืœื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืงื•ืจืก โ€œื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืชโ€ ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื“ื•ื™ื“ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ

ื“"ืจ ืœื™ืืช ืœื‘ื•ื ื˜ื™ืŸ

ื“โ€ืจ ืœื™ืืช ืœื‘ื•ื ื˜ื™ืŸ

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืก โ€œื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืชโ€ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื“โ€ืจ ืœื™ืืช ืœื‘ื•ื ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื“ื•ื™ื“ืกื•ืŸ. ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืคืขืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื•ืชืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื ืœืžื“ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคืจื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืžืฆื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคืจื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคืจื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ืช. ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื™ื–ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืื™ืจื™ืช ืฆโ€™ื•ื“ื ืจ, ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜, ื™ื–ืžื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช โ€œื ื™ืฆื ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸโ€ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ืช. ื”ืžื˜ืจื”: ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ CP (ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืืช ืžื•ืจื™ื” ืงืกืœืจ, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”, ืฉืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื”ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืจื‘. ื›ืคื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ, ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืคื™ืชื—, ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืจืืŸ ืจื•ื–ื ื‘ืจื’, ืžืกื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื‘ื™, ืกื™ืคืจื” ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื”. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ Tikkun Olam Makers, ืฉืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืคื™ืชื•ื— (ืžืงืืชื•ืŸ) ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช.

ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื.

ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ืืœื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืŸ, ืื•ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ, ืจื•ืŸ ืงืจื‘ืก ื•ื–ื™ื• ืฉื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ โ€œืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื™ืงืกโ€. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืคื™ื’ ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ื“ืฃ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ืžื“ืจื™ืš โ€œืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื™ืงืกโ€ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช โ€œื ืื•ืช ื™ืโ€ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื™ื. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืงื™ื™ืค, ืคืจืกื•ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื•ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: โ€œื˜ืจื•ืœ / ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ืœ โ€“ ืื“ื ื”ืžืกืชื ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ืโ€.

ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืขื™ื“ื•ื ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช โ€œืจืฉืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื ื•ืขืจโ€ โ€“ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ืช ื ื•ื” ืขืžื™ืืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ืจื’ื•ืช. ื—ื ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช โ€œื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ืจื’ื•ืชโ€ โ€“ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืืจื™ื’ื”, ื‘ืกืจื™ื’ื” ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื. ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื” ืคืชื—ื” ื—ื ื•ืช eBay ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกื”.

ื“โ€ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืชื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื•ื: ื–ื”ืจ ื’ืœืขื“, ืชืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืงื•ืจืก, ืžืœื›ื” ืจื•ื–ื ืคืœื“ ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ ืžืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืกื™ื’ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื ืžืœืฉื›ืช ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ืงื•ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื›ืคื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ื•ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืฉื•ืœื™ืš; ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืื•ืจืืŸ ืจื•ื–ื ื‘ืจื’, ื’ืœืขื“ ื“ืจื•ื–ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื” ืงืกืœืจ.

ืื•ืจืืŸ ืจื•ื–ื ื‘ืจื’

ืื•ืจืืŸ ืจื•ื–ื ื‘ืจื’

ื›ืคื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ "ื ื™ืฆื ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ"

ื›ืคื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ โ€œื ื™ืฆื ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸโ€

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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื

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ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ืœื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™

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ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”: ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืขื™ื“ืŸ โ€œื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™โ€

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื™ื•ืจื ืฉื™ืคื˜ืŸ

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื™ื•ืจื ืฉื™ืคื˜ืŸ

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื™ื•ืจื ืฉื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืขื•ืกืง ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ โ€œื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™โ€, ื•ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื.

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืฉื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช, ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ โ€œืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— โ€˜ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™โ€™. ืจื›ื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื ื•ืชื• โ€˜ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™โ€™. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืืœื” ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™.โ€

ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™. ื”ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70 ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืืจื’ื•), ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช (DARPA Grand Challenge) ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื“ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ืฃ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืคืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘-2014, ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื˜ืกืœื” ื—ื•ืœืœื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื” ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื•ืœื”. ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื•ื‘ืจ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ื•ืจื’.

โ€œืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื™ื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,โ€ ืื•ืžืจ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืฉื™ืคื˜ืŸ, โ€œืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื™ืกืคืงื• ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ืื ื ืฉืื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง, ื ืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื ื”ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™. ืขื•ืœื ื›ื–ื” ื™ืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•: ื’ื•ื“ืฉ, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.โ€

ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื โ€“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื ื•ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ืœื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื—ื ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ืœืฆืืช ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืจื—ืง. ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ื”ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื”ื’, ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.

ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช. ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืืžื ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืจืžื–ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื–ืืช, ืฉืจืง ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืชืขืœื™ื ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ ื•ืชืงื“ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ.

โ€œืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ,โ€ ืžืกื›ื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืฉื™ืคื˜ืŸ. โ€œืžื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืชืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืœื—ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฅ.โ€

โ€œืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™.โ€ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื™ื•ืจื ืฉื™ืคื˜ืŸ

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ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”: ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช

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ื‘ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื 8-5 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื ืก ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ- ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”: ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช.

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ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื“ืŸ ืงืื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™. ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœืžื“ืข.

ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืขื•ืคืจ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืคื™ื ืกืงื™ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืžืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืžืŸ ืœืžื“ืข.

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ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, 5 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” 13:00 ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืขื” 14:00 ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืจืฆืืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื: โ€œื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœื™โ€.

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ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืก ื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื•ืจืงืžื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื”, ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืชื, ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื โ€“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื ื•, ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.

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ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

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15 ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืž-6 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ

โ€œืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ืืชื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ, ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ืš ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.โ€ ื›ืš ืกื™ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ืงื” ืกืžืจืœื™ ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ (Technion International). ืกืžืจืœื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ืจื•ืžื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืืžืจื” ื›ื™ โ€œื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ื”ื”ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื, ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืืงื‘ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื•ื˜ืขื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื ืง. ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชื•ืš: ื™ื—ื“ ืœืžื“ื ื•, ื ื”ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืกื‘ืœื ื• ื•ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ืžื”ื™. ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื”ืžืืžืฅ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืชืœื.โ€

ืกืžืจืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืž-15 ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื ืžืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืื—ืช ืžืฆืจืคืช, ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืกื™ืŸ, ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื•ื“ื•, ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ื˜ืžืืœื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืคืŸ. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืืช ื˜ืงืก ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื ื—ืชื” ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืก ื”ื›ื”ืŸ. ื“ื™ืงื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื›ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืืžืจื”: โ€œื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืชื•: ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ื›ืš ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื•ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.โ€

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžืจืง ื˜ืœืกื ื™ืง, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืกื ื™ืฃ โ€œืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชโ€ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. โ€œืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™,โ€ ืืžืจ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื˜ืœืกื ื™ืง. โ€œืืชื, ื›ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืœืžื“ืชื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืžื“ืชื ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’, ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื’ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื“ืจื™ื›ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื›ื• ื•ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”.โ€

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ื ืขื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ: ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืœื•ื™

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ื ืขื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ: ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืœื•ื™

ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื”: ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื

ืฉื ื”: ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช

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ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืœื•ื™, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื, ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืžืฉื ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื. โ€œื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”.โ€

ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•. โ€œื”ื“ืจืš ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืฆื•ืคืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื: ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื˜ืคืกื™ื, ื”ื›ื ืช ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืžื•ืฆืข 85 (ืœืคื—ื•ืช) ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื, ื•ืœืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืœื’ื” ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.โ€

ื”ืœื•ื™ ืฉื”ืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช. โ€œื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจืก ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืงื•ืจืก ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื›ื™ ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืคื” ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœื™, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ.โ€

ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืกืŸ ืกืœื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•. โ€œื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ. ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ 400 ื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ืคื”.โ€

ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช, ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืคื” โ€“ ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืจื•ื—ื” ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื™ื•ืจื•. โ€œื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื ืกื™ืขื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืขืœื” 21 ื™ื•ืจื• ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื’ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช (30 ื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื”) โ€“ ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•.โ€

ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก ื”ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื”ืชืื›ื–ื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ โ€œื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ื“ื™ ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช, ืื– ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืจืง ืขื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”. ืœืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” โ€“ ื•ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืื– ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.โ€

ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื™ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. โ€œืืžื ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ื‘ื—ื•ื ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืงืกื•ืžื” ื•ืจื’ื•ืขื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืœืžืฉืœ. ืœื ืกืชื ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ืคื” ืขื•ื“ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืืžืช ื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ืจื’ืข. ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” (ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื™ืจื•ืคื”!) ืฉื™ืคืจืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช, ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก. ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง โ€“ SHIRA HALEVI.

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ืœืงืจืืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“

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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” (KAIST)

โ€œืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื HTK ืœื—ืงืจ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“โ€ ื™ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ื“"ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืค' ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืค' ื’'ื•ื ื’ื”ื• ืงื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘- KAIST(ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”)

ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ื“โ€ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื’โ€™ื•ื ื’ื”ื• ืงื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘- KAIST(ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”)

ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ ื—ืชืžื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช (MOU) ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”(KAIST) . ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื™ืฉืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.

ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื—ืชื ื™ืžืกื“ ืืช ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช โ€œืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื HTK (ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™, ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช (KAIST ืœื—ืงืจ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“โ€, ืฉืชืงื“ื ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืชืื™ืฅ ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืชืงื“ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืชืžืงื“ ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืฆื‘ืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื ืง, ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื–ื• ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื ืง ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืชื”ื•ื•ืช. ืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื HTK ื™ื’ืœื” ื•ื™ื˜ืคื— ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืกืคืง ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื”ืŸ.
ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื. ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืœืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžื—ืงืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื™ืก ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื—ืœืœ.
โ€œื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื ืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ืŸ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ื ื‘ืกืก ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“,โ€ ืืžืจ ื“โ€ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ. โ€œื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื ืง ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ KAIST ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.โ€

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โ€œื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื˜ื•ืžื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืืžื™ืฅ ื“ื™ื• ืœืืžืฅ ืื•ืชืŸ,โ€ ืืžืจ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื. โ€œื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช: ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ื— ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ KAIST ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืืžื™ื ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื–ื• ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืกืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.โ€

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ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2017. ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข. ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื ืง ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”. ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืคื™ืชื—ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืกื™ืกืงื•, ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช.

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KAIST, ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื“ืข ื•ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ื“ื•ืจื’ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”-89 ื‘ืžื“ื“ ืฉื ื—ืื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก โ€“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจื”โ€ื‘. ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉืขืจืš ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ืก ื‘ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™. ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื™ืก, ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื—ืœืœ ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจืฆื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืืค. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ืžื•โ€ืœ ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช. ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ืขื–ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื“ืื™-ืฉื™ืง ืงื™ื, ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘- ,KAISTืฉื ื™ื”ืœ ืกื“ืจืช ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื™ืก ื•ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช.

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ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ืžืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื ื’ืœืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ, ื“"ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืค' ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืค' ื’'ื•ื ื’ื”ื• ืงื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘- KAIST(ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”)

ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ืžืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื ื’ืœืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื ื›โ€ืœ, ื“โ€ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื’โ€™ื•ื ื’ื”ื• ืงื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘- KAIST(ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”)

ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ื“"ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื”ื• ืฆ'ื•ื™ (ื™ื•ื ืื™), ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™ (ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ), ืžืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื ื’ืœืžืŸ (ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ), ื“"ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื (ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™), ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืค' ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื, ืคืจื•ืค' ื’'ื•ื ื’ื”ื• ืงื™ื(KAIST)  ืคืจื•ืค' ื“ืื™-ืฉื™ืง ืงื™ื(KAIST)  ื•ืคืจื•ืค'-ืžื—ืงืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื™ืก (ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ)

ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ื“โ€ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื”ื• ืฆโ€™ื•ื™ (ื™ื•ื ืื™), ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™ (ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ), ืžืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื ื’ืœืžืŸ (ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ), ื“โ€ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื (ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™), ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื, ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื’โ€™ื•ื ื’ื”ื• ืงื™ื(KAIST) ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื“ืื™-ืฉื™ืง ืงื™ื(KAIST) ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžื—ืงืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื™ืก (ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ)

ื“"ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืค' ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืค' ื’'ื•ื ื”ื• ืงื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘- KAIST(ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”)

ื“โ€ืจ ื˜ื™ื™-ื•ืืŸ ืœื™ื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื’โ€™ื•ื ื”ื• ืงื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘- KAIST(ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”)

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ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™ |ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื

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ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช

ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€ข 07.09.2017
ืืžืช ืื• ืืžื•ื ื”? ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื? ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื ื— ื”ืจืจื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ

ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™ | ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื
Mainื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืžืืžืจ ืžืจืชืง ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื ื— ื”ืจืจื™, โ€œื”ืืžืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืชโ€, ืืฉืจ ืขืกืง ื‘ืคืขืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ืœื–ื• ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ, ืขืœื• ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ, ืžืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ โ€œื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืŸโ€ ื‘ื˜โ€ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืจืคโ€ื” (ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1925):
โ€œื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื (ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™) ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฉืื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ, ื™ืคื™ืฅ ืžืคื” ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช. ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื— ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืจืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืื—ื“ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื” ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•โ€.
ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืœืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 92 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื“ ืžื—ืงืจ ืืงื“ืžื™ึพืžื“ืขื™ ืžื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื ืขืจื›ื™ื. ืžื•ืกื“ ืฉืžืื– ื”ื™ื•ื•ืกื“ื• ื”ื•ื ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ, ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื“ืช, ื’ื–ืข ื•ืžื™ืŸ.
ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช
ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืชื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืงึดื“ืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืชื™ื”: ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ; ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืงื• ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ ืคื•ืจื“; ื•ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ึพ50 ืฉื ื”, ืืช ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืขืฉื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื. ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” โ€œื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืชโ€, ืžื•ืฉืชืชืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื–ืœืชื•, ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืŸ ื•ึพBig Data, ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“, ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ืชืœืชึพืžืžื“.
ืœืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื™ืขืœืžื•, ื•ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื—ื“ืฉ. ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช, ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžื“ ื’ื ื‘ืœื‘ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืชื™ื”: ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื—. ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืขื’ืœื” (ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช) ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ. ื‘ืžืื” ื”ึพ21 ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืื‘ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ืฉืœืœื” ืžืžื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช โ€“ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™, ืœืคืจื ืกื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉืœื™ืœืชื” ื’ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•.
ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ
ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช, ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ืžืกืคืจื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™.
ื“ืช ื•ืžื“ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืคื™ืคื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื“ืช ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืš ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืื•ืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™, ืฉื”ืืžืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืจ ืœืจื’ืœื™ื”ื. ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืืœื” ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื: ื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื—ืงืจ ืžื—ืœืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ, ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืœื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื“ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื ื—ื™ืœื™ื ืขืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืœื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ืืจื˜ึพืืค ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช.
ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืงืกืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืื• ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœื›ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ โ€“ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื ืฉืœืœ ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื’ื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืกืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืกืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ.
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ืกืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™. ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ื“ืœืง ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืื‘ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืช ืืœื ืžืื‘ืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข, ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืจื™ืืงืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืงืจ. ื•ืœื ื ื’ื–ื™ื ืื ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ

ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžืœืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช: https://goo.gl/VWnyBB

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ื ื—ืชื ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื

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ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืืžืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš, ื›ื™ โ€œืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื–ื• ืชืงื“ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืืชื’ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืขืฆื•ื, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ืโ€

ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ื™ื•"ืจ ืงืืจื ื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ืงืœื•ืก, ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืคืจื•ืค' ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืœืŸ

ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ : ื™ื•โ€ืจ ืงืืจื ื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ืงืœื•ืก, ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืœืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื—ืชื ืืชืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœ-โ€œCurrentโ€ โ€“ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื•. ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืชืงื“ื ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื.

โ€œื”ืžื–ื›ืจ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงื’ื•โ€ ืืžืจ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ. โ€œื”ืžื–ื›ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืคื™, ืืœื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคื•ืจื”. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขื ื” ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื ืชืชืจื•ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื•ืืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืšโ€.

ื”ืžื–ื›ืจ ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืงืืจื ื˜ (Current) โ€“ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืขื ืžื ื›โ€ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืกื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ T3 ื‘ื ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ, ืขื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื–ืื‘ ืจื•ื ืื™, ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืขโ€ืฉ ื’ืจื ื“ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืืœื›ืก ืคื•ืจืžืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื‘ื™ ืื•ืกืคืœื“ ื•ืขื ืจืืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ โ€œืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸโ€ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื™ืกืงื™ืŸ.

ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืœืŸ, ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ โ€œืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™: ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื โ€œืงืืจื ื˜โ€, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืจืง ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืืœื ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.โ€

ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ (ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ) ืขื ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืคืจื•ืค' ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืœืŸ

ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ (ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ) ืขื ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืคืœืŸ

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” (12-6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื), ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชืชืžืงื“ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช. ื™ื•โ€ืจ ืงืืจื ื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ืงืœื•ืก ืืžืจ ื›ื™ โ€œื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื–ืงื•ืงื” ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื’ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื–ื”. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื: ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ืŸ, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื”ืฆืคื•ืช, ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื•ืช. ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘.โ€

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ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžืกื“ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืข ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื ืกื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืงืืจื ื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื ื•ืจืชโ€™ื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืŸ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื•, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ (ืื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืžืคื™ื™ืŸ), ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ (ืฉื™ืงื’ื•), ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื‘ืชื™, ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื•-Argonne National Laboratory. ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืงืืจื ื˜ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืขื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืžืกื—ื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช.

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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื™ืคืขืœื• ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ืขืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ืงืจื ื•ืช), ืฉื•ืชืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื“, ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื•ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื•ืžืกื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืชื—ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœื•, ืฉื•ื—ื— ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ืœื•.

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ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉืžืืœ.

ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉืžืืœ.

ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืืœืŸ ืืœื˜ืจื™

ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืจื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืืœืŸ ืืœื˜ืจื™

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โ†ง

ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื”, ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื

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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ย 12 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2017, ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื ืก ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื โ€œื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืโ€. ื”ื›ื ืก ืขื•ืกืงืง ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื. ื”ื›ื ืก ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘.

ืืช ื”ื›ื ืก ืชืคืชื— ื”ืจืฆืืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืืœื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืœืฃ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”. ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื•ืœืฃ (https://meeng.technion.ac.il/he/snake-robots/) ืคื™ืชื— ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜-ื ื—ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ื“ืจืš ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ืขื™ืจ. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ ื’โ€™ื•ืจื’โ€™ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื”ืกืจืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืœืœื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื ืงื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช Medrobotics ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื—ืงืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื•ื•ืœืฃ.

ื“โ€ืจ ืจื ื ื” ืคืจืก ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืชืจืฆื” ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืœืชืคื™ืกืช โ€œื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–โ€.

ืจื•ื ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืืกื˜ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื” 7 ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื”, ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื—ืœ ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ.

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืจืžืŸ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื–ื” 40 ืฉื ื” โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืฉื“ื•ื“, ืฉืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืจืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœื•.

ืขืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื“โ€ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื” ื•ื•ืกื˜, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืฉื“ื•ื“; ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื™ืจ ื“โ€ืจ ืื•ื“ื™ ืจื•ื–ื ื‘ืœื•ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื•; ื’โ€™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ; ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื ืขืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืจืžืŸ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.

ื–ื” ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื โ€œืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21โ€ณ ื”ื ืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ: ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜. ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืื”:

https://events.eventact.com/EventsList/ARCHEALTH2017/Program

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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื’ื’ ืืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืงืžืคื•ืก ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง

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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืืช ืคืชื™ื—ืชื• ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืคื•ืก ืงื•ืจื ืœ-ื˜ืง, ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื™ืคืขืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก. ื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง

ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื: โ€œื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€

CREDIT IWAN BAAN

Credit: Iwan Baan

ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงย  (13 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2017): ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื•ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื (ื“โ€™) ืืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืžืคื•ืก ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง ื‘ืื™ ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜, ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ. ื”ืงืžืคื•ืก, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื˜ืคื— ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื™ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื•ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก โ€“ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืจื ืœ.

ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ืงืžืคื•ืก ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ืฉืจ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืืงื•ื ื™ืก, ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืื ื“ืจื• ืงื•ืื•ืžื•, ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™ืœ ื“ื” ื‘ืœื–ื™ื•, ื ืฉื™ืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžืจืชื” ืคื•ืœืืง, ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงื•ืจื ืœ-ื˜ืง ื“ืŸ ื”ืื˜ื ืœื•ืงืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ โ€“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืงืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ ืœืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื™ื•โ€ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื ืœ.
โ€œื—ื ื•ื›ืช ืงืžืคื•ืก ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื•ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก, ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืคืจืง ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,โ€ ืืžืจ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ืื•ืžื• ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ, ืื ืฉื™ ืžืžืฉืœ, ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื.

ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ื ื”ื’ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื“ืื–, ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’, ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืงืžืคื•ืก. โ€œื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,โ€ ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื. ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ โ€“ ืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื”ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21.

โ€œื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ ืœืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,โ€ ืืžืจ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. โ€œื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืžืื™ืฆื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”. ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืื—ืช. ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืชื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ืชืงื“ื ืืช ื›ืœื›ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืชืขื ื” ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช โ€“ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.โ€

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  Credit: New Cornell Tech campus, home of the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute

Credit: New Cornell Tech campus, home of the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute

ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€œืฉ ื’โ€˜ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืžืชื, ื‘ืกืš 133 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,ย  ืฉืœ ื“โ€ืจ ืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžืืจืง ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก, ื”ื™ื•โ€ืจ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื•ืžื ื›โ€ืœ ืงื•ื•ืืœืงื•ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืืฉืชื• ื’โ€™ื•ืืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก. ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืคืš ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื”. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœโ€ืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืืคโ€, ื–ื›ื” ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื ืœ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืชื™ืงื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืฉื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืื•ื“.

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โ€œืžื˜ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก,โ€ ืืžืจ ื“โ€ืจ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก,โ€ ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืœื™ื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืœืงืžืคื•ืก ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง, ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.โ€

  Credit: New Cornell Tech campus, home of the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute

Credit: New Cornell Tech campus, home of the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute

โ€œื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™, ืืš ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ืฉืœ ืขื ืคื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,โ€ ืืžืจ ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืžืŸ, ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก. โ€œืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืืค, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื›ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21.โ€
ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ืžืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื”ืื—ืช
ื‘-Connective Media ื•ื”ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช (Health Tech), ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ืจื ืœ. ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืคืš ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืœื-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืชื•ืืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืืจื”โ€œื‘.

ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘-Connective Media ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื“ืข ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืคืชื— ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžืขื ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื.

ืชื›ื ื™ืช Runway Startup ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืื‘ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื”ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก.ย  ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืกื“ื• ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช Runwayย  โ€13 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ืžืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื›ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืขื“ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ โ€“ ื•ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ื™ื—ื“ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืš 15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.

ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืข - ATS

Credit: ATS

โ€œื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืชย  Runway Startup ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื–ืžื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™,โ€ ืืžืจ ืืกืฃ ื’ืœื–ืจ, ืžื ื›โ€ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง Nanit ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ 2014 ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช Runway Startup. โ€œืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื™ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื โ€“ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืืค ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ื•ืช-ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื”ื ื—ืžืžื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.โ€

ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€œืฉ ื’โ€˜ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื‘ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืœื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืฉืžื” ืœื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืžื” ื‘ืกืš 133 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ื“โ€ืจ ืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžืืจืง ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก, ื”ื™ื•โ€ืจ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื ื›โ€ืœ ืงื•ื•ืืœืงื•ื, ื•ืืฉืชื•, ื’โ€™ื•ืืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ืžืฉืš ืืœื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืžืื– ื”ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ืจื ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื’ื™ื™ืก ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืœืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜, ื™ื–ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ Runway Startup ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื•ืคืชื— ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™: Connective Media ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช.

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ื ืื•ื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ืงื•ืจื ืœ-ื˜ืง

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ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง

    ืคืจื•ืค' ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ

โ€œื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงโ€, ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืชื• ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื“ื™ืงืื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืฉืชืชืื™ื ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื,

โ€œืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื• ืงืœื•ืฉย  โ€“ ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื, ืชื ื• ื“ืจื•ืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื•ื ื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื•ืคืกื”โ€. ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.

ืฉืขืจื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื›ื, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืืคืก!

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืกืงื•ืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืขืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคื•ืœืืง ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจื™ ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”. ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขืžืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช โ€“ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช โ€“ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืคื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืคืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ โ€“ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืชื” ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ื”. ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืชืงื ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืžืขืกื™ืงื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.

ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ, ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื›ืžื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืกื” โ€“ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื˜ืคื— ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง, ืœืฆื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกื”.

P1410303ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื ื•ืขื–: โ€œืžื˜ืจืชื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืชโ€œ.

ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืขื ื• ืœืืชื’ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื• ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”. ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืคื•ืจื” ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืืœื ืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.

ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืงื•ื‘ืก ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™, ื”ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ืคืœื™ื ื•ืช. ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื” ืžื‘ืกืก ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”- 21.

ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™, ื”ืงืžืคื•ืก ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆืื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื™ืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืชื•ืกืกืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.

ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงืžืคื•ืก ืžืจืฉื™ื ื–ื”, ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ: ื™ื“ืข ืžืขืฉื™, ืื ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ืงื•ืจื ืœ, ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืžืฉื ื™ ืœื™ื“ืข ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ โ€“ ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืžื–ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืื—ืช. ื”ื•ื ื™ื˜ืคื— ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืืค ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืžืขื’ืœ, ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš ืžืงืจื‘ ืœื‘, ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืžื‘ืจื’, ื‘ืฉื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืจื ืœ, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ืขืœ ืฉืœืงื—ืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.

ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ืš ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื™ืื ื•ืฉ ืงื•ืจืฆโ€™ืืง,

โ€œื”ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื•ืจืข ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื,

ื”ื“ื•ืื’ ืœืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืข ืขืฆื™ื,

ื”ื“ื•ืื’ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื ืš ืื ืฉื™ืโ€.

ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื ืื•ื:

credited: Cornell University CornellCast

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ืฉื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ

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ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื—ื’ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”.

ืœืงืจืืช ืคืชื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืขโ€ื— ื‘ื™ืงืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“โ€ืจ ืืจื– ื›ืจืคืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื—ื’.


ืžืขื‘ื“ืช โ€œื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ืโ€ ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื“ื•ื™ื“ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื“โ€ืจ ื›ืจืคืก, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช. ืืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘-MIT, ืฉื ื”ืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ โ€“ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืื“ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ. ื’ื ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”.

ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ (ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืคืกืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ).

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ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช BizTEC

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ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ืฆื” ืœื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื™ื™ืกื• ื›-300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ

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ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช

ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช NowTecc ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช BizTEC 2017, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ืœื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ: ืื ืกื˜ืกื™ื” ืœื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื ืงื•, ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื‘ื™; ื˜ืœ ื™ื”ื‘, ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื“ื•ื™ื“ืกื•ืŸ, ื•ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ืจ, ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืขื™ื“ื• ืขืจื‘.

ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ-ืืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื. โ€œืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ,โ€ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ืจ. โ€œื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ ืฉืคืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกืคืง ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืจืš ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืืชืจื™ื. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ืžื ื‘ืืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื”ื โ€“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืชื.โ€

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โ€œื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืฉื•ืง, ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช,โ€ ืืžืจื” ืื ืกื˜ืกื™ื” ืœื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื ืงื•. โ€œืื ื—ื ื•, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช-ืœืงื•ื— ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ื•ืžื ื‘ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.โ€

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ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ: ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™, ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ืจ, ื˜ืœ ื™ื”ื‘ ื•ืื ืกื˜ืกื™ื” ืœื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื ืงื•

ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ: ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™, ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ืจ, ื˜ืœ ื™ื”ื‘ ื•ืื ืกื˜ืกื™ื” ืœื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื ืงื•

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช NowTecc ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืคืจืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ 10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืชืจื•ืžืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืงื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ื ื™ืงืก โ€“ ืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™, ืกื’ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงืฉืจื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื’ื•ืœื ื™ ืื™ื—ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ืืžืจ โ€œืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืŸ, ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืชื, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ืžืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ืฆื” ืœื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ โ€“ ืชืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื ื• ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ.โ€
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื‘ืคืจืก ืฉืœ 3,300 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื–ื›ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช:

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช โ€œื ืฉื™ืžื”โ€, ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœืช ื›ืฉืœ ืจื™ืืชื™ ื”ื ืงืจื Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ืื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืคืจื ืงืœ ื•ื™ืืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื’โ€™ื•ื–ื•ืื” ืฉื ื™ื˜ืžืŸ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ื ื•ื–ืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืงืฆืฃ, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช โ€“ ืชื ืื™ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื.
Foresee Genomics

ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช (Markers) ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ ืฉืคื™ืชื— ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื“โ€ืจ ืจื•ืขื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื’ืจืฉ. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื’ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื™ื™ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืจื›ื– ื’ื ื•ืžื™. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ืงืจ.

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ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ: ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ืฆืงื™, ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™ ืขื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื’ื™, ืœื™ืขื•ื– ืื‘ื ื™ ื•ืขื™ื“ื• ื”ืื•ื–ืจ

ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ: ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ืฆืงื™, ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™ ืขื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื’ื™, ืœื™ืขื•ื– ืื‘ื ื™ ื•ืขื™ื“ื• ื”ืื•ื–ืจ

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช Suricatta ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชย  ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื•ืœืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช. ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—: ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืฉืจื™ืคื”, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฆืชื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืืฉ. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื“ืจ ื‘ืงืจื” ืื• ืœืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืขื•ื– ืื‘ื ื™, ืขื“ื• ื”ืื•ื–ืจ ื•ืขื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื’ื™.

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BizTEC, ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ื•ื ืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ืฆื” ืœื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื˜ืจืชื”: ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื•ืœืงื“ื ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงื”ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืœื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง, ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืžืžื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืขื ืฃ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ-ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืืจื•ืข ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”-Demo Day, ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจืกื” ืœื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘.

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ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช 2017 BizTEC ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื 120 ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžืชื•ื›ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• 12 ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืงื• ื”ื’ืžืจ. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื NGT , ืงืจืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื•ื ืฆโ€™ืจืก ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ ืžื•ืจืŸ, ืงื•ื•ืืœืงื•ื ื•ื ืฆโ€™ืจืก, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืจืœ-ื›ื”ืŸ.
ื‘ืืจื•ืข ื ื›ื—ื• ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื•ืจืžืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ืฆืงื™, ืกื’ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงืฉืจื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™, ื“ื™ืงื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ, ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืชย  (T3) ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ BizTEC.

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ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™ (ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ) ื•ื“"ืจ ืจื•ืขื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื’ืจืฉ

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™ (ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ) ื•ื“โ€ืจ ืจื•ืขื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื’ืจืฉ

ืจืคื™ ื ื•ื”, ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืกื™ืคืจ ื›ื™ โ€œืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืžื•-ื“ื™ื™ ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืืžืจื•: ืชื™ืงื•ืฃ (ื•ืœื™ื“ืฆื™ื”). ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœืงื— ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืœืงื•ื— ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื—ืจืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ืชื™ืงื•ืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžื ื—ืฉ ื•ืžื ื™ื— ืืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ืืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื.โ€

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โ€œืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื–ื˜ืง ื”ื™ื ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ืฆื” ืœื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ,โ€ ืืžืจื” ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื“โ€ืจ ื“ื ื” ืฉืคืจ, โ€œื–ื• ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ ืขื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”- Runway ื‘ืงื•ืจื ืœ ื˜ืง ื•ืขื ืงืจืŸ ืฉืœ 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืชืชื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ื ื™.โ€

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ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืจืŸ ืงื•ืจื‘ืจ, ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ื–ื•ืžื˜ืจ (BreezoMeter) ืฉื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช BizTEC ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืกื™ืคืจ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. โ€œื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ื•. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื–ื˜ืง, ื•ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื–ื•ืžื˜ืจ โ€“ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื‘ื™ื’ ื“ืื˜ื” ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื•ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉื” ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ืง ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื˜ื”ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ HELLA ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืจื›ื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.

ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ: ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™, ืื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืคืจื ืงืœ ื•ื™ืืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™

ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ: ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื’ื•ืœื ื™, ืื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืคืจื ืงืœ ื•ื™ืืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื•ื‘ืกืงื™

โ€œื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืงืจืงืข, ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ื•ืขื•ื“ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื–ื˜ืง ืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืฃ โ€“ ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฆืจื™ืš, ื•ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืื—ืจืช ืœื ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืื™ืš ื ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืžื ื•. ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื ื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ: ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ื–ื•ืžื˜ืจ ื ื•ืกื“ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2014, ื•ืžืื– ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”, ืขื 23 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ.โ€

http://yazamut.technion.ac.il/BizTEC/demoday
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš:ย ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ื”,ย ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ,ย ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.

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ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืืคื™ื’ื ื˜ื™

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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชื—ืœื•ืื” โ€“ ืžื—ืงืจื™ืย ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื›ืจืžืœ

    ืคืจื•ืค' ืžื™ืœืจ ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื™ืžืจืช ืžืžืจื•ืช

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžื™ืœืจ ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื™ืžืจืช ืžืžืจื•ืช

ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื, ืงืจื™ื ืช ืฉืžืฉ, ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืืจื™ืืœ ืžื™ืœืจ, ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขโ€ืฉ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื›ืจืžืœ, ืคืจืกื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืชื’ืœื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.

ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžื™ืœืจ, โ€œืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื. ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ืกื•ืง. ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™: ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื“ื™-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™ ื–ื”ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืชืืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืคื™ 4 ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืชืื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื–ื”ื™ื) ื‘ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”, ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืคืกื•ืจื™ืื–ื™ืก ื•ื–ืื‘ืช. ื”ืชืืžื” (Concordance) ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื’ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช.โ€

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžื™ืœืจ ืžืชื‘ืกืกื™ื ืืคื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” โ€“ ืขื ืฃ ืžื“ืขื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจืฆื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”. ืขื ืฃ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืงืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืชื ืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืืš ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื“ื™-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™. ื”ืืคื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื (ื’ื ื•ื˜ื™ืค) ื•ืชื ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื” (ืคื ื•ื˜ื™ืค).

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื, ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื“ื™-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™ ื–ื”ื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœืœื™ื. ืืœืœ (allele) ื”ื•ื ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื’ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืŸ (ื”ื–ื”ื”) ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื™-ืืŸ-ืื™ ื•ืžื™ืงืจื• ืืจ-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™ ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืจืžืช ื”ืžืชื™ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™-ืืŸ-ืื™ื™, ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™.

ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžื™ืœืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื™ืžืจืช ืžืžืจื•ืช, ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื•ืช ื“โ€ืจ ื ื™ืœื™ ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื“โ€ืจ ืืœื–ื‘ืช ืกื˜ืื•ืŸ-ืจื ื•ืขื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืกื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™-ืขืืงื ื™ืŸ ืž-INSERM ืคืจื™ื–. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘-2015 ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Epigenetics.

ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืจืื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืจืžืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืืคื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืŸ: ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืชื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื. ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืจืงืžื” ืœืจืงืžื”.

ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ย J. Autoimmunity, ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ืืกื˜ื ื™ื” ื’ืจื‘ื™ืก (MG). ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ืฉื‘ื“ืง ืืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืชื™ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ (Transciptome), ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชืื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืฆื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžื™ืœืจ, โ€œืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืœื” ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืชื—ืœื•ืื”, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ MG ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื–ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.โ€

ืœืžืืžืจื™ื:

ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘- Epigenetics

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26291385

ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘- J. Autoimmunity

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28549776

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ืžืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ืœืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื•ืงื”ื•ืœื

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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื—ืชื ื™ ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืฉื ืช 2017 : ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ืงื™ืค ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืชื•ืจืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ืืจื™ ื‘ืืจื™ืฉ โ€“ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ LIGO. ื”ืคืจืก ื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื โ€œืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžืชื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื’ืœืื™ LIGO ื•ืœืชืฆืคื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”โ€.

ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื—ื•ืงืจื™ LIGO:ย ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ืจื™ื™ื ืจ ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ืงื™ืค ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืชื•ืจืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ืจื•ื ืœื“ ื“ืจื™ื‘ืจ, ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื˜ืงืก ื”ืขื ืงืช ื”ืคืจืก. ืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื”ื โ€œืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”, ืฉืื™ืžืช ื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืชื— ืฆื•ื”ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื™ืงื•ื.โ€

โ€œืื ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžืชื›ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื,โ€ ืืžืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืขื ืงืช ืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืคืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื•ื›ื™ื, โ€œืขื‘ื“ืชื ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ LIGO ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”. ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืก ื’ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื“ื•ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืืชื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื.โ€

ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืจ ืžื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, โ€œืžืชืงืŸ LIGO ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช. ื–ื•ื›ื™ ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ืฉืคื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืžื–ื’ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื.โ€

ืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจืก ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 1972 ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื•ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืข, ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืจืก ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›โ€ืžื ื‘ื ื ื•ื‘ืœโ€, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›-20% ืžื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ. ืงืจืŸ ื”ืคืจืก, ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืื• ืžโ€™ ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ (1887- 1973), ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืžืฆื™ื ืžืœื•ืก ืื ื’โ€™ืœืก, ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืคืจืกื™ื ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื. ืกืงื•ื˜ ืœื™ืžืกื˜ืจ, ื™ื•โ€ืจ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ (ATS), ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืคืš ืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ืœโ€ืžื ื‘ื ื ื•ื‘ืœโ€, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›-20% ืžื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืจืก.

ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืขื ืง ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื—ืชื ื™ ืคืจืก ื”ืืจื•ื•ื™, ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืก ื•ื™ื™ืก ืž-MIT ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืชื•ืจืŸ ืžื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื•ืœืขืžื™ืชื ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ื‘ืืจื™ ื‘ืืจื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.

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ืžื” ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ืš

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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ

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ืคืจื•ืค' ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ

ืคืจืกื•ื ืžื“ืขื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ โ€œืขืคืขืคื™ื™ืโ€ ืฉืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขโ€ืฉ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื ื˜ืจ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื (EMM), ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Graefeโ€™s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ืจ (Springer).
ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ ื•ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื”. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื–ื›ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืคืจืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช Texas Instruments. ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ โ€œื”ืขืžืงโ€ ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื”.

ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืฆืœืžื”, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขื ืŸ.

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โ€œืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง,โ€ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจ (ืจืื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืชื‘ื”) ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ. โ€œื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ืœืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœืช ื’ืจื™ื™ื‘ืก. ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื“โ€ืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืจื™ืกืงื•, ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ โ€œื”ืขืžืงโ€, ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.โ€

ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”

ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”

ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชืงื ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืžื ื˜ืจืช ืืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืžืคืขื ื—ืช ืื•ืชืŸ. ืžืื– ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืœืกื™ื ืงื™ ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื ืืกืคื• ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-100 ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืขืคืขื•ืฃ (ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจื”) ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืขืคืขื•ืฃ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื”: ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ืžื™ื›ืœ ืกืคืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืจ ืœืื•ืคืจ ื•ื ืขืžื” ืคืจืœ.
ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืคืจื•ืกืคื–ื (Blepharospasm Dystonia), ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื™ืžืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืงืฉืจ ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืขืคืขื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืœืคืจื•ืกืคื–ื, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื”. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื” โ€“ ื”ื–ืจืงืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืงืก โ€“ ื•ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื” ืžืชืžืชื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืขืคืขื•ืฃ โ€œืžืชื ืจืžืœโ€ ืœืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘โ€ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื—ืœื”โ€ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื“ืžื ืฆื™ื” ื•ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, โ€œื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืกื—ื•ืจ ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš: ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืžืฆื‘ ืจื’ืฉื™ ืขืœ ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืขืคืขื•ืฃ, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื (ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืงื™ื), ื•ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœืžืื’ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืื• ืืงโ€ื’. ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” โ€“ ื•ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื.โ€
ืขื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013. ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ. ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื” ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžืื™ืฆื™ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื. ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืื™ื ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืคื’ื™ืขืชื” ื‘ืจืงืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืžืขื‘ื“ืช SLAC ืœืžืื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื›ืชื” ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืœื’ืช ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ื”ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ืžืชืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ื ื™.

ื‘ื’ืจืฃ: ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ื›ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืคืœื™ื˜ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง - ืื“ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืœืคืจื•ืกืคื–ื ืžืขืคืขืฃ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ โ€“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืžืขืคืขืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื˜.

ื‘ื’ืจืฃ: ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ื›ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืคืœื™ื˜ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง โ€“ ืื“ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืœืคืจื•ืกืคื–ื ืžืขืคืขืฃ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ โ€“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืžืขืคืขืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื˜.

โ†ง

ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื‘

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ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ,ย  ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช

ืคืจื•ืค'-ืžืฉื ื” ื™ืขืœ ื™ื ื™ื‘

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžืฉื ื” ื™ืขืœ ื™ื ื™ื‘

ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ,ย  ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช

ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืœื•ื ืื•ืชื”. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช
The Journal of General Physiology.
ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื•ื•ืกืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ S.A. Node โ€“ ืฆื‘ืจ ืชืื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื‘, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื. ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืœื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ โ€“ ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื โ€œืขื“ื›ื•ืŸโ€ ืฉืœ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›-400,000 ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื”.
ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื“โ€ืจ ื™ื•ืื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžืฉื ื” ื™ืขืœ ื™ื ื™ื‘, ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืจืงืžืช ื”ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืขื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื ื™ื‘, โ€œื”ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื ื”ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื (ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”) ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืžื‘ืจื ื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ืจื—ืŸ ื‘ืชื.โ€
ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” (ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืจื‘). ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ โ€œืœืฉื—ืงโ€ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืื•ืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฆื‘, ื•ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช.
ื“โ€ืจ ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ืคืจื•ืคโ€™-ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื ื™ื‘ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™-ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื•. ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
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ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ืžืœื: http://jgp.rupress.org/content/149/10/935

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ื“"ืจ ื™ื•ืื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ

ื“โ€ืจ ื™ื•ืื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืงืจื•ื ื”ืชื ื•ื”ืชื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ืงื•ืœืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื–ืจื—ืŸ.

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืงืจื•ื ื”ืชื ื•ื”ืชื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ืงื•ืœืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื–ืจื—ืŸ.

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ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ืœื™ืœื•ืช (Sparseland) โ€“ ืžืกืข ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ

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ืคืจื•ืค' ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืืœืขื“

ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืืœืขื“

ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ (MOOC) ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืืœืขื“. ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœโ€ื’ (ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”) ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื–ื”.

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืงืฆืชื” ื”ืžืœโ€ื’ ืžืขื ืง ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ื›ืงื•ืจืก ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช edX ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.

ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืขื“ ื›ื” ื ืจืฉืžื• ืืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ย ืž-1,000 ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื•ืจืก ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกืžืกื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื™ืฆืคื• ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ืœืžื™ื, ื™ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื•ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ย ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืคื• ื‘ื•. ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื™ื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืžืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ื™ืชืชื™ืช.

ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.

ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื•ืคโ€™ ืืœืขื“, ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืคืจืก ื™ื ืื™, โ€œืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ื‘ื ืชื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ. ื”ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืชื™ืจื™ื (Sparseland) ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.โ€

ื›ืžื•ืกื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืจื•ืื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืงื”ืœ ื™ืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ื–ื ืžืœโ€ื’/ื•ืชโ€ืช ื•ืœืžื˜ื” โ€œื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืชโ€ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขื“ ื–ื”.

ืœื”ืจืฉืžื” ืœืงื•ืจืก: https://goo.gl/FvMAax

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